3,206 likes · 256 talking about this · 1,042 were here. In a defeat for visual artists, a federal judge in. S. In addition, one judge must have significant knowledge of copyright law, one must have significant. TAMPA, Fla. and others involved in the making of the Percy Jackson series of novels and film. In a case dealing with a non-human creator of a work seeking copyright protection, the 9th Circuit U. But a federal judge ruled against him,. US District Judge Beryl Howell of the U. Fri 21 Jul 2023 // 02:33 UTC. US District Court judge rules humans are essential to copyright. Updated: Feb 23, 2023 / 02:52 PM EST. com. A A federal judge ruled Friday (Aug. Artificial intelligence cannot hold a copyright for works it creates, a federal judge ruled Friday. That’s because works solely created by AI are not copyrightable. 111–175, title I, §§102(a)(2), 103(a)(2), 104(a)(2), May 27, 2010, 124 Stat. Fonts can also be. Dave. District Judge Denise Cote. Mann did not speak during the nearly 45-minute hearing Friday, except to talk to his attorney, Lawrence Taylor, who was appointed by the court. ActionNews17. AICHO has open board of director positions and we are taking applications! With 30 years of operations, AICHO has 30+ staff and growing, a $3. Applying these doctrines, we held that Design Basics’ copyright in its floor plans is thin. In 2018, U. Abrams tanks as Ukraine claims to kill Russian fleet commander; Supreme Court’s interpretation of the word “and” could affect thousands of prison sentences each yearWinston Cho is The Hollywood Reporter's Business and Legal Writer, covering physical production, government oversight, antitrust and business disputes shaping Hollywood. , which. Among other statutory duties, the Register oversees the copyright registration and recordation systems of the United States, manages statutory royalty fees totaling more than a billion dollars annually, advises Congress on domestic and international copyright policy issues, and provides support on copyright matters to courts and. Before joining THR in 2022. AICHO's headquarters at 202 W. Risk Disclosure: Trading in financial instruments and/or cryptocurrencies involves high risks including the risk of losing some, or all, of your investment amount, and may not be suitable for all. VidAngel, in which VidAngel which was providing a service that decrypts DVDs and filters “objectionable” content from movies and TV shows, and streams the programs to its customers. Last year, the New York-based 2nd U. The ruling sets a precedent for content creators, agency execs and. As The Hollywood Reporter, this is a ruling backing up an earlier finding by the. 2nd Street in Duluth. As the writers' strike continues in Hollywood, concerns remain regarding the potential use of generative artificial intelligence (AI) to write scripts or at least the first draft, raising questions about intellectual property rights. Darius. Partner Lauren Schweitzer is quoted in this article from Law360 that explores some of the largest copyright rulings in the first half of 2022. Copyright refers to the legal right of the owner of intellectual property. You obtain legal advice by hiring a lawyer. A US federal judge has ruled that human beings are an “essential part of a valid copyright claim”. District Judge Michael Fitzgerald dismissed with prejudice a copyright lawsuit that was filed by songwriters Sean Hall and Nathan Butler, who sued over the “Cause the players. The judge then goes on to conclude that ISE has stated a viable 512(f) claim even if the plaintiff, he writes, “may struggle to produce evidence of subjective bad faith” on the part of Longarzo. During this case, all sorts. Office of Legal Services Coordination. "It gives me great pleasure to announce the appointment of Judge Shaw and to welcome him to the Library of Congress,” Hayden said. com Inc's Audible was sued by some of the top U. So far, courts have largely sided with tech companies in interpreting how copyright laws should treat AI systems. “We look forward to the keen intelligence, work ethic. are not covered by copyrights; an appeals court revives abuse lawsuits against Michael Jackson’s companies; Smokey Robinson beats a. 9, 2018, 132 Stat. C. S. Each may be reappointed to subsequent six-year terms. “Nobody who’s complaining. Judge Koeltl ultimately rejected the Internet Archive’s interpretation of fair use and ruled in favor of the publishing industry. Under the CRDRA, each judge must have a law degree and at least seven years’ legal experience. Honoring the resiliency of Native American people by strengthening. judge has ruled that AI-created art lacks copyright protection, impacting AI’s use of copyrighted content. A US federal judge almost threw out a lawsuit brought by artists accusing text-to-image AI developers of copyright infringement, but decided to give the creatives a chance to improve and resubmit their complaint. 3669, added item 121A. Ashley Landis/AP Plaintiff Stephen Thaler sued the US Copyright Office to try and have his AI system listed as the creator of an artwork. S. Robins Kaplan attorney Casey Matthiesen is a zealous litigator who practices in a variety of areas, including business litigation disputes, personal injury, and medical malpractice. In one new court ruling, a federal judge has ruled work created by artificial intelligence is not able to be copyrighted. ’s purported. Internet Archive—a case Authors Alliance has been following since the lawsuit was first filed back in 2020. Nov 9 (Reuters) - A California federal judge said on Thursday that he would dismiss, for now, part of a. Jim Spellman / Getty Images file. CIO in the District of Nevada, announced that he would dismiss Righthaven's lawsuit on the grounds of fair use. 2010-2016: Assistant District Attorney with the Manhattan (NY) District Attorney's Office. On Thursday, April 1, 2021 the Supreme Court unanimously voted to overturn the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit in Philadelphia (“Third Circuit”) in the case of Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”) v. D. ”This specification of “future” programs – taken to include Windows 2. Nov 13, 2023. This one clocks in at. July 21, 2023 12:35pm. Commissioner, 17152-13. In a letter addressed to the attorney of author Kris Kashtanova obtained by Ars Technica, the office cites. copyright law does not cover creative works created by artificial intelligence, weighing in on an issue that’s being closely watched by the. While fears over the use of AI to generate intellectual property play a role in the WGA and SAG-AFTRA strike, a new ruling reaffirms only humans can have their works copyrighted. A U. Outside of her law practice, Casey enjoys painting, golfing, and is a certified yoga sculpt instructor. July 21, 2023 12:35pm. She has served on numerous arbitration panels, including for the International Trademark Association, the Southern District of New York, and the New York State Supreme Court Commercial Division. CLEVELAND, Ohio (WOIO) - Cleveland Municipal Judge Pinkey Carr resigned after being suspended indefinitely from practicing law and immediately removed from office. There were 113 state judges ages 65 and older in Texas as of Sept. The piano publisher will also doesn stand in the way for a judge to declared the song to be in the public division. A judge rules that there's a "triable issue" as to whether the popular UGC site had knowledge or awareness of copyrighted music in some of the videos being shared. The decision was announced by. An opinion piece in The Washington Post called the lawsuit “a threat to Western civilization. WBTV appealed, resulting in Tuesday’s ruling. this font created by. 2018—Pub. Times to Stand Trial This Month as Sarah Palin Libel Suit Heads to Jury; How the Supreme Court Could Shake Up Disney’s Spider-Man PlansFri 21 Jul 2023 // 02:33 UTC. " Unsurprisingly Thaler's legal people took an opposing view. Generative AI that relies on hundreds of millions of inputs to be algorithmically fitted, are inherently parasitic in nature. Federal Judge: AI Artwork Not Copyright Protected. NEW YORK (AP) — A federal judge has sided with four publishers who sued an online archive over its unauthorized scanning of millions of copyrighted works and offering them for free to the public. Under the CRDRA, each judge must have a law degree and at least seven years’ legal experience. By Winston Cho. A typical desktop font EULA will allow you to install the font on your computer for use with authoring tools including word processors, design tools and other applications that permit font selection. L. As the Hollywood Reporter found, U. Judge Beryl A. 115–261, §2(b), Oct. The judge stressed that copyright law was only designed to protect works of human creation. Judge John Koeltl had already ruled in March that the Archive had illegally offered free e. 3669, added item 121A. S. The. art editor who allegedly infringed on copyrighted photos of Pablo Picasso’s artworks will not stand, according to a federal judge who ruled them fair use on Thursday. King, “Because Summy Co. Copyright Office is an office of public record for copyright registration and deposit of copyright material. 10 hours ago | AS AUTHORS IN AMERICAN COPYRIGHT LAW . 21, 2023 A federal judge rejected an attempt to copyright an artwork generated by artificial intelligence in a decision last week that provided insight into the broader legal war over. Review Board. Judge Beryl A. 804. C. The board of Judges consists of David P. The judge highlighted how copyright is designed to encourage human creativity by granting limited monopolies, not nonhuman systems. A federal judge has ruled that images generated with artificial intelligence (AI) cannot be copyrighted while contrasting them with photography. The declaration was. A A federal judge ruled Friday (Aug. District Judge George H. “The publishers have established a prima facie case of copyright infringement,” writes Judge John G. ]. A federal judge ruled that visual art created by a computer. Sykes, a Native American state court judge in California, was also. The judge highlighted how copyright is designed to encourage human creativity by granting limited monopolies, not nonhuman systems. The pop singer was sued in 2017 by Sean. 9, 2018, 132 Stat. A case that began with hype that someone had finally cracked the code for delivering free and legal broadcast streaming is ending with a $32. Y. October 30, 2023 4:57pm. AICHO Galleries, Duluth, Minnesota. Originally, copyright registrations were filed with federal district courts where they were handwritten in record books. . S. The legal landscape remains complex and uncertain. S. " Lawyers for. 67,481 likes · 10,822 talking about this · 512 were here. This week, a photographer who literally risked his life capturing an aerial view of the city of Houston gave the Supreme Court the opportunity to settle this argument once and for all. Advertisement · Scroll to continue. However, lots of people have found her. Judge Howell's ruling, as. It’s a discourse that transcends courtrooms and. Many of the copyright laws governing music were first erected at the time that player pianos became popular and have developed through the advent of radio, new recording devices and, most recently. "We've known about a. S. Aug. . She has experience in federal, state, and tribal courts at. On Thursday, the major record labels including Warner Music, Universal Music, Sony Music and Capitol Records filed a copyright infringement lawsuit against Megaupload,. Before joining THR in 2022. , ruled Friday that artwork generated by artificial intelligence is not eligible for copyright protection because it lacks “human involvement. Image credits: Header photo licensed via Depositphotos. The owner of copyright in a cinematographic work shall enjoy the same rights as the author of an original work, including the rights referred to in the preceding Article. Photo: Drew Angerer/Getty Images. 1324a, 1324b, and 1324c). A case that began with hype that someone had finally cracked the code for delivering free and legal broadcast streaming is ending with a $32. CHICAGO — A federal judge has determined the use of “Super Bowl Shuffle” snippets in a documentary film doesn’t violate copyright protections. Wright, who says he wrote. As the national voice of the legal profession, the ABA works to improve the administration of justice, promotes programs that assist lawyers and judges in their work, accredits law schools, provides continuing legal education, and works to build public understanding around the world of the importance of the rule of law. HONOLULU (HawaiiNewsNow) - A west side man accused of harassing beachgoers made his second appearance in court on Thursday. In their recent decision, Judge Howell ruled that because AI systems lack human authorship, their output is ineligible for copyright. "The court is mindful of concerns over comity between the French and U. Judge Smith and Justice Watt agree that things will be changing come July. The Supreme Court Overturns Third Circuit on Media Ownership Rules. The case made its way. Judge Pitman also dismisses arguments made by Aereo’s lawyers that there will be a risk of prejudice in disclosing the company’s patent strategy and that it could harm the viability of those. , which. The Government of British Columbia is appointing three new provincial court judges to support the judiciary with the resources required to continue providing access. S. LAS VEGAS (AP) — Ex-Las Vegas Raiders player Henry Ruggs told a judge Tuesday he will admit that he drove drunk at speeds up to 156 mph, causing a fiery crash that killed a woman. The screenwriters behind the original Predator movie and Disney’s 20th Century Studios have agreed to a confidential settlement to drop dueling. Circuit is the Judges’ “adopt[ion] [of] a rate structure for computing the mechanical license that uncapped the total content cost prong for every category of streaming service offered, while simultaneously increasing both the total content cost and revenue rates. 1. Electronic Only. Red Label Music Publishing filed a federal lawsuit alleging Chiba Productions used clips of the famous 1985 Chicago Bears music video without first securing written permission. Int'l Trade). Emre Çitak. S. Shaw will be replacing Chief Judge Suzanne Barnett who returned from retirement on Nov. Times to Stand Trial This Month as Sarah Palin Libel Suit Heads to JuryA US judge dismissed AI copyright infringement claims against Midjourney and DeviantArt by three artists, but allowed a claim against Stability AI to proceed — While a federal judge advanced an infringement claim against Stability AI,. The Government today (November 27) announced the appointments of Ms Yvonne Cheng Wai-sum, SC, as the Chairman of the Copyright Tribunal, and Dr Benny Lo Kwan-ching. C. Sean Gallup/Getty Images. The WGA updated its members on the 109th day of the 2023 writers strike, now nine days longer than the union’s last strike in 2007-08, a work stoppage that cost the California economy an. ” headtopics. United States District. In August, the Ninth Circuit affirmed a lower court ruling in Disney v. Fri 21 Jul 2023 // 02:33 UTC. One of the critical unresolved issues Howell highlighted is the amount of human input needed in order to copyright a piece. This week, a photographer who literally risked his life capturing an aerial view of the city of Houston gave the Supreme Court the opportunity to settle this argument once and for all. In a recent ruling, U. According to the opinion on Tuesday from U. Y. Howell was hearing. S. The Satellite Home Viewer Extension and Reauthorization Act of 2004 amended sec-Judge. C. – Stephen Fraser Myers is married to 21-year-old Winnie Daniela Mendoza's aunt. L. Sean Gallup/Getty Images. Email cover sheet and notice to [email protected]Raymond Kohut pleaded guilty in a virtual hearing before a judge for the federal court based in Brooklyn, N. Mickle II said the family is humbled and proud to have the Alachua County Criminal Court House renamed in their father's honor. Gimaajii-Mino-Bimaadizimin - We are, all of us together, beginning a good life. S. K. It includes the right to perform the work or any substantial part of it. S. A federal judge has ruled that A&E’s copyright infringement lawsuit against Reelz and the producers of its biggest show, On Patrol: Live, can move forward. Our theme “Those that have gone before us. AICHO is beyond thrilled to host Bois Forte Band of Ojibwe citizen and Finnish painter Carl Gawboy this March through May 2022 in our AICHO Galleries with a series of brand new – never-before-seen work created in 2020 and 2021! The exhibition. S. An Administrative Law Judge (“ALJ”) in OCAHO has jurisdiction to, among other matters, decide cases arising under sections 274A, 274B, and 274C of the Immigration and Nationality Act (“INA”) (8 U. Artists suing generative artificial intelligence art generators have hit a stumbling block in a first-of-its-kind. C. Congress passed the law establishing the board in 2020, aiming to create a cheaper and quicker way for creators to resolve copyright disputes. 's ChatGPT and DALL-E, Midjourney, and Stable Diffusion. The Judges are appointed by the Librarian of Congress to serve staggered six-year terms. Y. A US federal judge almost threw out a lawsuit brought by artists accusing text-to-image AI developers of copyright infringement, but decided to give the creatives a chance to improve and resubmit their complaint. Lower-value claims are litigated in the IPEC, which currently has a fixed scale of recoverable costs capped at GBP50,000 and damages awards capped at GBP500,000. S. S. According to US District Court Judge Beryl A. at 1101–05. (WFLA) — While anyone can be an artist, writer, or musician and therefore entitled to copyright protections for their work, content made by. But in recent years, writers say, studios have begun to poke holes in. August 18, 2023 @ 6:26 PM. Court Rules Photographer Gave Up Exclusive Licensing Rights by Posting on Instagram. Start Preamble AGENCY: Executive Office for Immigration Review, Department of Justice. D. Although the ruling applies narrowly to a single work of AI art, it signals judicial reluctance to fundamentally expand copyright doctrine for AI creations. This font is suitable for invitation cards, decorations, clothing products, greeting cards and others. Like Judge Ellis, Judge Hilton ruled in favor of the defendant. According to the complaint, those auditors sampled three films and found 20th failed to credit TSG with revenue, charged tens of millions in distribution fees not permitted under their deal. Federal judge rules that AI art can't be copyrighted Stop trying to make AI copyrights happen. District Judge Beryl Howell, who delivered the ruling, said copyright law hasn't ever protected "works generated by new forms of technology operating absent. Computer scientist Stephen Thaler on Tuesday asked a Washington, D. In January, illustrators Sarah Andersen, Kelly McKernan, and Karla Ortiz sued Stability AI, Midjourney. By Handpik. C. Published Wednesday, August 23, 2023. S. EXCLUSIVE: Google has taken the rare step of asking a California judge to declare that by linking to copyright-infringing works on Rapidshare, the search giant is not facilitating the illegal distr…Regarding its interpretation that the consent decree requires ASCAP and BMI to accept full-works licensing, DOJ says it wrestled with whether the consent decrees imposed in 1941 continue to serve. Date Total 1900 95,573 1901 93,299 1902 93,891 1903 99,122 1904 104,431 1905 114,747 1906 118,799 1907 124,814 1908 120,657 1909 121,141A federal judge on Friday upheld a finding from the U. Mickle II said the family is humbled and proud to have the Alachua County Criminal Court House renamed in their father's honor. For example, a user could ask the image generator DALL-E to create an image resembling a Vincent Van Gogh painting but would not be allowed to copyright it because it is derivative of Van Gogh. Beeple, The Battle of AI Art, 2022. 6,919 likes · 371 talking about this · 2,614 were here. Blake Brittain reports via Reuters: A judge in California federal court on Monday trimmed a lawsuit by visual artists who accuse Stability AI, Midjourney and DeviantArt of misusing their copyrighted work in connection with the companies' generative artificial. Y. . ”. What better way to start our list of tarantula names by going over some of the really awesome tarantula names that you can use. District Court for the District of Columbia issued an opinion. A federal judge in Washington, D. judge has found, ruling against self-proclaimed inventor Craig Wright. . The legal battle over an East Baton Rouge Metro Council member's new outdoor kitchen opened a new front this week when a state district judge. Those 65 and older are the most affected, but baby boomers are ending up in the hospital at an unusually high rateThe appeals will be heard by the Single Judge in the High Court and can also be referred to a bench if the Single Judge deems fit at any stage. S. Federal judge rules artwork created by AI cannot be copyrighted as human authorship is essential to valid copyright claim, potentially impacting Hollywood studios' ability to copyright AI. g. S. Kevin Amer Appointed Acting General Counsel and Associate Register of Copyrights'South Park' Streaming Rights Standoff: Judge Rules Against Warners on Some Claims in Licensing Battle By Winston Cho Actors’ AI Protections Are a Step Forward, But There’s Reason to Worry. In the first half of 2022, the U. Wells began hearing cases in April 2021. (WFLA) — While anyone can be an artist, writer, or musician and therefore entitled to copyright protections for their work, content made by. Under this Ruling, in “Phase I” or “Allocation Phase” proceedings, the Judges allocate royalties among the different Claimant Categories asOracle America Inc. A federal judge ruled that visual art created by a computer. 18) that U. REUTERS/Monica Almeida Acquire Licensing Rights. The judge cited decades of legal precedent that such protection is only afforded to works created by humans. In the three years his boutique firm has been open, he has sued just about every major media company — CBS, Vice, Yahoo, iHeartMedia and The Hollywood Reporter parent Prometheus Global Media, to name a few — for copyright infringement on behalf of more than 350 photographers. A federal judge ruled against an attempt to have an AI-generated artwork copyrighted, saying "human authorship is a bedrock requirement. Sheeran’s victory maintains music copyright’s status quo. Orrick’s. It’s also a ruling that could face a federal appeal. The judge on Friday kept the bail amount at $20,000. S. U. Judge Swain granted summary judgment in favor of 2K Games and Take-Two Interactive Software, the publishers of NBA 2K. 866 - December 22, 20205. Prometheus Radio Project, No. October 30, 2023 4:57pm. And Judge Howell confirmed, “Human involvement in, and ultimate creative control over, the work at issue was key to the conclusion that the new type of work fell within the bounds of copyright,” So the current position of the USCO, and confirmed here by Howell, is that humans do not have the same control over A. Of note: The Justice Department's court filing in Florida reveals that an investigation by a federal grand jury in Washington, D. U. Twitter ‘s longstanding refusal to secure music licensing rights has come to a head with a lawsuit accusing the company of mass copyright infringement. In addition, one judge must have significant knowledge of copyright law, one must have significant. A judge in California federal court on Monday trimmed a lawsuit by visual artists who accuse Stability AI, Midjourney and DeviantArt of misusing their copyrighted work in connection with the. CLEVELAND, Ohio (WOIO) - Cleveland Municipal Judge Pinkey Carr resigned after being suspended indefinitely from practicing law and immediately removed from office. ” . These cases seek the imposition of civil penalties and other remedies against. Near his decision’s conclusion,. Taylor Swift. On Thursday, U. Now commonly subsumed under the broader category of legal regulations known as intellectual-property law, copyright is designed primarily to protect an artist, a publisher, or another owner against specific. Gimaajii-Mino-Bimaadizimin - We are, all of us together, beginning a good life. Originally, copyright registrations were filed with federal district courts where they were handwritten in record books. 2 million organizational budget with diverse funding, and a reputation for effective community engagement, innovation, and active use of cultural strategies to achieve results. “Plaintiff’s counsel, Richard Liebowitz, is a known copyright ‘troll,’ filing over 500 cases in this district alone in the past twenty-four months,” wrote U. Updated: Feb 23, 2023 / 02:52 PM EST. S. Our extensive experience and deep understanding of the local market make us. Sledge was the chair of the Judicial Division of the American Bar Association, the largest judges’ organization in the world, and he was the first Article 1 judge to become the chair of the. HOUSING &SUPPORTIVE SERVICES. Congress Passes CASE Act of 2020 and Law Regarding Unauthorized Streaming Services Issue No. Chief Copyright Royalty Judge James Sledge met with Billboard for an exclusive interview to explain how the new Copyright Royalty Board works. January 13, 2022 3:52pm. The office did not break down the age groups further. Eriq Gardner More Stories by Eriq. Artwork by Carl Gawboy. District Judge William Orrick truncated plaintiffs' claims in a class action lawsuit against AI content generators. A federal judge ruled Friday (Aug. TAMPA, Fla. Rochon, the Girl Scouts of the United States of America's general counsel, is nominated to serve as a federal judge in Manhattan. The Office’s two webinars wrapped up a busy spring and summer season of listening, information gathering, and direct outreach on AI and copyright. On Friday, March 18, Judge James Mahan, who is presiding over Righthaven LLC v. Judge John Koeltl had already ruled in March that the Archive had illegally offered free e-editions of 127 books in. This font is suitable for invitation cards, decorations, clothing products, greeting cards and so much more. The answer is yes. Judging by papers filed with the U. By E&T editorial staff. § 102(b). Judge Howell reasoned that although copyright is “designed to adapt with the times” and contemplates new and unforeseen mediums of expression, the requirement of human authorship – and, more specifically, human creativity – is the immutable “sine qua non at the core of copyrightability. While the court must adhere to these principles in making its decision, it should also refrain from making subjective judgments on the inherent value or truthfulness of a particular faith. Judge. An inspiring man and "a fair judge". Response of the USPTO and USCO to an October 27, 2022 Letter Requesting the Joint Establishment of a National Commission on Artificial IntelligenceAicho Regular is a beautiful and bold serif font. Feb 09, 2023 Matt Growcoot The U. 2021 was a roller coaster of highs and lows in copyright litigation. , ruled Friday that artwork generated by artificial intelligence is not eligible for copyright protection because it lacks “human. A cord demonstrating bio interface artificial intelligence (AI) sits on a table during a Google AI event in San Francisco, California, U. A group of artists are suing AI art generators Stability AI, Midjourney and DeviantArt for using their work to train AI tools. 2nd Street in Duluth. While the Office Guidance addresses copyright protection for the content that is generated through such technologies, it does not address copyright issues surrounding the use of copyrighted content as training data. " In general, copyright means the sole right to produce or reproduce a work or a substantial part of it in any form. US Copyright Office sued for denying AI model authorship of digital image; But handing down her ruling on Friday, Judge Beryl Howell wouldn't budge, pointing out. The judge then goes on to conclude that ISE has stated a viable 512(f) claim even if the plaintiff, he writes, “may struggle to produce evidence of subjective bad faith” on the part of Longarzo. Courtesy the artist. Judge Howell said in her ruling that copyright law has never stretched so far as to protect "works generated by new forms of technology operating absent any guiding human hand," and that "human. has asked a judge to dismiss a copyright infringement lawsuit over her single "Shake It Off," calling the judge's ruling for the case to proceed to jury trial "unprecedented. Posted by BeauHD on Monday October 30, 2023 @07:45PM from the whittled-down dept. Court of Appeals for the D. Last December, though, District Judge Royce Lamberth in Washington balked at Strike 3’s request for an order, saying he “will not accept the risk of misidentification” and that the flood of lawsuits smacks of “extortion.